In this presentation Edward Sarich began with defining terms and giving a brief historical overview of different standardized tests in Japan. From there, the presentation moved to the current situation and use of standardized tests in public schools, universities, businesses, and other institutions.  A very vibrant discussion of pros & cons and usage followed with Mr. Sarich ensuring a balanced flow of opinions.  This presentation was based on Mr. Sarich's research for is master's thesis and will be featured as the Hamamatsu Chapter sponsored presentation at the National conference in October.